Nuclear Reaction- Occurs when a nucleus is struck by another nucleus or particle. Energy and momentum must be conserved. Neutrons are very effective in nuclear reactions because they have no charge and therefore are not repelled by the nucleus. A generic reaction follows the formula of
a+X —> Y+b
Transmutation- When the original nucleus in a nuclear reaction is transformed into another. Can be natural or artificial.
Moderator- Needed to slow neutrons so that their probability of interacting increases. Common moderators are heavy water and graphite.
Critical Mass- The mass below which a chain reaction will not occur because too many neutrons escape.
Control Rods- Parts of nuclear reactors (usually cadmium or boron) that absorb neutrons and are used for fine control of reactions, keeping them just barely critical.
Nuclear Fusion- The lightest nuclei can fuse to form heavier nuclei, releasing energy in the process.
Becquerel (Bq)- The SI unit for activity
Dosimetry- The measurement of radiation
